Estrogen Side Effects Weight Gain

Estrogen เอสโตรเจนจัดเป็นฮอร์โมนสเตอรอยด์ (Steriod hormone) ชนิดหนึ่งซึ่งเป็นฮอร์โมนเพศ (sex hormone) ของเพศหญิง มีอยู่ 3 ชนิดคือ estrone, estradiol, estriol แล้วกับคำถามว่า estrogen ทำให้อ้วนหรือเปล่า

ผลทางสรีรวิทยาของฮอร์โ์์โมนเอสโตรเจน

ผลต่อการเจริญของระบบสืบพันธุ์

1. กระตุ้นการพัฒนา ในลักษณะทุติยภูมิ ของระบบสืบพันธุ์
2. กระตุ้นการพัฒนาในส่วนเนื้อต่อมและต่อมเต้านม

ผลต่อเยื่อบุมดลูก

1. กระตุ้นเนื้อเยื่อมดลูกให้เจริญ มีเลือดมาเลี้ยงมาก
2. กระตุ้นการเจริญของกล้ามเนื้อมดลูก
3. กระตุ้นเซลล์บุช่องคลอดให้เปลี่ยนแปลงเป็น Cornified cell

ผลต่อระบบการเผาผลาญพลังงานในร่างกาย

1. กระตุ้นการสร้าง leptin ของ adipose tissue
2. การเพิ่มของ HDL และการลดลงเล็กน้อยของ LDL

ผลต่อการแข็งตัวของเลือด

1. กระตุ้นการแสดงออกของ Hageman factor gene

ผลต่อสมอง

1. เพิ่ม acetylcholine
2. เพิ่ม dopamine receptor
3. ขัดขวางการสะสมของ beta-amyloid
4. เพิ่ม nitric oxide synthase และ cyclooxygenase-1 ที่มีหน้าที่ในการสร้าง nitric oxide และ prostacyclin
   โดยจะไปมีผลทำให้เกิด vasodilation

ผลต่อผิวหนัง

1. กระตุ้นการสังเคราะห์, การเจริญเติบโต, และการสลายของชั้นคอลลาเจน
2. กระตุ้นให้เกิดการแบ่งตัวแบบ mitosis ของเซลล์ในชั้นหนังกำพร้า
3. กระตุ้นการเจริญเติบโตของเส้นขน
4. ส่งเสริมระดับการป้องกันผิวหนังจากแสงแดด (ultraviolet)
5. เป็น modulator ที่สำคัญตัวหนึ่งในการเหนี่ยวนำทำให้เกิดมะเร็งของชั้นหนังกำพร้าได้

ผลต่อระบบเลือดและหัวใจ จะเป็นการลดการเกิดภาวะหลอดเลือดแดงตีบ ลดจำนวนการสร้าง foam cell เพิ่มจำนวน HDL, และลดจำนวน LDL เพิ่มการขยายตัวของหลอดเลือด (vasodilatation)

Estrogen Side Effects

Estrogen is a hormone that is secreted in both men and women. Hormones play an important role in transferring information and instructions from one group of cells to other. Hormones regulate the growth and development of the human body. Estrogen is responsible for the development and growth of female sexual characteristics. Estrogen encompasses a group of hormones viz., estrone, estradiol and estriol. It is produced in ovaries, fat tissues and adrenal glands. Let us first take a look at who are prescribed for estrogen and then we shall discuss the side effects of estrogen.

Who are Prescribed for Estrogen
Estrogen drugs are primarily prescribed to women during their menopause. When women have a sudden feeling of heat and sweating, estrogen drugs are prescribed to treat these hot flashes. Vaginal dryness, itching or burning in vagina and osteoporosis are some of the disorders that many women face during or after their menopause. These symptoms are treated with estrogen drugs. However, if a woman wanting to cure only vaginal dryness or only to prevent osteoporosis must opt for another treatment. Women who are suffering from low estrogen levels are also prescribed with estrogen drugs.

Source : buzzle dot com

Estrogen Side Effects – Do You Know

Estrogen side effects definitely exist, and one should understand the difference between natural estrogen and synthetic estrogen. The most commonly prescribed synthetic estrogen is Premarin, currently manufactured by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. According to the manufacturer, the most frequent estrogen side effects for Premarin are vaginitis due to yeast or other causes, vaginal bleeding, painful menstruation and leg cramps. Wyeth also makes a Premarin vaginal cream, its most commonly reported side effects include vaginal discomfort or pain, breast pain, vaginitis and itching.

The synthetic estrogen prescription drugs are not the same as natural estrogens occurring in the body. Since substances occurring naturally cannot be patented, drug companies alter the molecular structure and create a new substance that is patentable. However, the body treats synthetic drugs differently than natural substances, usually in the form of unwanted estrogen side effects.

The three main estrogens occurring in the body are estradiol, estrone and estriol. Natural estrogens are identical to those occurring in the human body and are easily available in the form of estriol creams and tablets.

According to Harvard-trained family physician Dr. John R. Lee in his book What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Menopause, the estrogens tend to increase cell division in tissue that is hormone-sensitive such as breast and uterine tissue. Estradiol is about a thousand times stronger in its effect on breast tissue than is estriol. He references studies from the 1970’s that showed that overexposure to estradiol increases the risk of breast cancer.

Besides estrogen side effects from synthetic estrogens, unhealthy excess estrogen is regularly obtained from other sources. Birth control pills, household chemicals and pesticides, certain foods that have been sprayed or given chemicals and many construction materials used in homes are all sources of estrogen which leads to estrogen side effects in the female body. Doctors call this hormone imbalance condition of excess estrogen in the body “estrogen dominance”. What are these estrogen side effects or symptoms of estrogen dominance? The symptoms include low sex drive, bloating and weight gain, headaches before the menstrual period, mood swings, irregular periods and excessive menstrual bleeding.

In the normal menstrual cycle and a healthy woman, estrogen is the dominant hormone that is produced for the first 10-12 days following the previous menstrual flow. At ovulation the female body begins producing progesterone, which happens for the next 12 days or so. If there is no pregnancy, progesterone and estrogen levels will drop at around day 28, allowing menstruation to begin. However, if there is no ovulation, progesterone will not be produced by the body that month. This event is called an annovulatory cycle, and it is a typical occurance today for women in their 30’s and 40’s – no ovulation, no progesterone. This leaves the woman with a deficiency of progesterone, an excess of estrogen and resulting estrogen side effects. And if a hysterectomy has happened, surgical menopause means the woman no longer produces progesterone, resulting in hormone imbalance.

If estrogen side effects from synthetic estrogen are a problem, consider using the safer natural estrogen form which is estriol. Read more about estrogen side effects, natural estrogen supplementation and physician-recommended natural treatments for dealing with hormone imbalance.

Source : ezinearticles dot com

Cubicin Side Effects May Increase Pneumonia Risk: FDA

Federal drug safety regulators are warning doctors and patients that the intravenous antibiotic Cubicin may increase the risk of pneumonia. On Thursday, the FDA issued a drug safety warning for Cubicin, indicating that a post-marketing review of the side effects of Cubicin indicate that it has been connected to at least seven cases of eosinophilic pneumonia since 2004.

Eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare condition where the lungs fill up with white blood cells. It causes fever, coughing, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. The FDA recommends that any patient who has been or is being treated with Cubicin and develops these symptoms contact their health care provider immediately.

Cubicin (daptomycin) is an intravenous antibacterial drug that was first approved in 2003 for the treatment of serious skin infections. It was approved in 2006 for the treatment of bloodstream infections. It is manufactured and marketed in the United States by Cubist Pharmaceuticals.

In 2007, a label warning was added to the drug alerting patients and doctors that it could cause pulmonary eosinophilia, which is an inflammation of the lungs due to the increase in eosinophils, which is a type of white blood cell. However, the FDA says that since then the agency has reviewed published case reports and determined that the white blood cells can fill the lungs to the point of causing a type of pneumonia.

All seven reported cases dealt with patients between the ages of 60 to 87 years old. They all developed eosinophilic pneumonia two weeks to a month after being given Cubicin treatment. Their conditions were improved by taking them off of Cubicin and in five of the cases placing them on systemic corticosteroids. In two of the cases, eosinophilic pneumonia returned when they were placed back on Cubicin.

Source : aboutlawsuits dot com